![]() ![]() Many of the early Crookes tubes (invented around 1875) undoubtedly radiated X-rays, because early researchers noticed effects that were attributable to them, as detailed below. They were noticed by scientists investigating cathode rays produced by such tubes, which are energetic electron beams that were first observed in 1869. Mammograms use X-rays to look for breast cancer.Įxample of a Crookes tube, a type of discharge tube that emitted X-raysīefore their discovery in 1895, X-rays were just a type of unidentified radiation emanating from experimental discharge tubes. For example, chest X-rays can spot pneumonia. The most familiar use of X-rays is checking for fractures (broken bones), but X-rays are also used in other ways. Spellings of X-ray(s) in English include the variants x-ray(s), xray(s), and X ray(s). ![]() He named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered it on November 8, 1895. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 picometers to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz ( 3 ×10 16 Hz to 3 ×10 19 Hz) and energies in the range 145 eV to 124 keV. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle.Īn X-ray, or, much less commonly, X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. Natural color x-ray photogram of a wine scene. ![]()
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